Detection of Environmental DNA in Air

Section(s): Plant Population Biology

Responsible staff: Guy Colling

Research strategy: Understanding and Preserving Nature

Detecting biodiversity through environmental DNA (eDNA) in air represents an innovative approach with far‑reaching implications for ecological research, conservation efforts and environmental monitoring. Unlike traditional survey methods, which often rely on direct observation or sampling of specific habitats, eDNA analysis provides a non‑lethal and highly sensitive tool for detecting the presence of a wide range of organisms simply by sampling a given volume of air. Organisms release DNA into their environment through the loss of cells, excreta or pollen, and their genetic material is dispersed in the air. By collecting air samples and analysing the DNA they contain, it may be possible to detect a broad range of species without trapping or direct observation.

One of the main advantages of detecting airborne eDNA is its ability to capture a snapshot of biodiversity across large landscapes and ecosystems.

In addition, airborne eDNA detection can provide information on the presence and distribution of species that would remain undetected using traditional methods, such as rare organisms or those with cryptic behaviour. The tool could prove particularly valuable for monitoring threatened or endangered species, enabling early detection of distributional changes and informing the effects of conservation policies.

Analysing airborne eDNA could provide access to ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity patterns. By continuously sampling this airborne DNA over time, seasonal variations, migratory patterns and responses to environmental change could be studied. This real‑time monitoring capacity would improve our understanding of ecological processes and support management strategies in response to ongoing environmental challenges such as climate change and habitat loss.

Furthermore, the application of airborne eDNA detection extends beyond ecological research to include various practical uses. It offers potential for addressing biosecurity issues, such as the early detection of invasive species and the monitoring of pathogens in natural and human‑influenced environments.

Targets for proof of concept: insects, vertebrates and plants.

Collaboration: Our Nature Park